Category Archives: Fiber Optic cable

Fiber optic cable adapter, attenuator, connectors,outdoor fiber optic cable , indoor fiber optic cable available.

The Benefits of Using Multimode Fiber Optic Cable

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The fiber optics technology has been one of the world’s most effective innovation of wire communication occurred. This technology has changed the world, and make the internet behavior today as a practical platform for worldwide access to data and information. And it is not only the internet, but also other kinds of communications that has undergone a sea change owing to the deployment of networks driven by the optical fiber backbone. When it comes to local communication, the multimode fiber optic cable only play a significant role in ensuring high data transmission rates at a high speed and low attenuation within the network with multi-user support.

There are many significant advantages, people will use these cables. Below is a list of the main benefits.

Multi-user framework

The biggest feature is the ability of multimode optical fiber carrying multiple signals at the same time in the same line. Therefore, the network user can send more than one packet in the cable at the same time, and all information will remain unchanged after will reach their destination. Channel will not mix or distort the multiple information channels.

High power signal transmission capacity

Multimode cables are excellent when it comes to carrying a high amount of total power inside the signals. The power is almost keep not loss, and the information is easy to be delivered at the other end of line with out any intermediate magnification.

Real-time data transmission

In the network data transmission in the design of the optical fiber data transmission speed. The high speed of optical transmission network is derived from the fact that the data rather than other more traditional electromagnetic signal. So the soft real-time system is feasible to use the network in some given scenario.

High bandwidth and transfer rate

The multi-channel factor attributes to a high bandwidth and high rate of data transfer.

High security

The optical signal is using total internal reflection – a physical properties or light is reflecting surface. Therefore, it is extremely difficult into the fiber optic network. Therefore, multimode fiber optic cable to enjoy a high level of data security.

Support of multiple protocols

These networks can support many data transfer protocol, including Ethernet, ATM and Infiniband, Internet protocols. Therefore, one can use the cable as the back bone of a series of high value
applications.

Obviously, a multimode fiber optic cable can be used as a backbone for the cable communication needs with high performance. Use these cables will improve your experience, if you’re using equipment, depending on the level of network performance.

Using multimode fiber cable instead of inferior cable can greatly improve the bandwidth and noise suppression. When choosing fiber optic network cable must have the correct information in determing the solution.

Source: fiberstore.com

How To Distinguish Between Good or Bad The Quality of Fiber Optic Cable

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1. Ointment. Ointment is mainly fine paste paste with cable, fiber paste normally should be full of the casing, cable paste should be under pressure every crevice of cable core. Now, fiber paste sufficient half-full or less the practice of cable extract some just wipe a layer of the cable core, while others are in the middle of the fiber optical cable two charge is not sufficient. This will make the fiber are not good protection, the impact of the transmission performance of optical fiber attenuation, poor water resistance less than the national standard, once the cable accidental seepage will cause the whole links seepage scrapped. Under normal circumstances, even accidental seepage simply repair a section of water seepage can, you do not need to start over. (National standard water-blocking performance: three meters of fiber optic cable, one meter of water column pressure round the clock impermeable.) If use poor ointment will also appear to be happening, and may because the ointment thixotropic, cause the fiber to cause microbending loss, the link transmission characteristics failed; ointment with acidic also with fiber optic cable metal materials analysis H reaction precipitation of hydrogen molecules, fiber case of H decay will increase dramatically, resulting in the entire link interrupt transmission.

2. Sheath. The cable sheath is necessary to adapt to many different complex climate, but also to ensure the stability of the long-term (at least 25 years). Cable jacket not only have a certain strength, low thermal deformation, wear, water permeability, heat-recoverable, and coefficient of friction, but also should be strong resistance to environmental performance materials processing features. Less or bad sheath material cracking, water seepage through factory acceptance, but the quality is defective use for some time, using recycled plastics to replace quality polyethylene sheath material is more serious. High quality sheath material made of fibe optic cable, a cable skin smooth, bright, uniform thickness, no bubbles, otherwise the coarse skin of fiber optic cable, and a lot of very small pit, and because of the thin thickness, the entire outer diameter of the fiber optic cable will be muach smaller than the high quality cable. Indoor fiber optic cable, usually made of high quality flame retardant PVC, the appearance should be smooth, bright, good flexibility, easy to peel; and otherwise poor skin finish, easy and tight buffer fiber, aramid adhesion phenomenon.

3. Steel, aluminum. Steel, aluminum cable is mainly used to protect the fiber from mechanical side pressure, moisture and other effects, better cable typically use chrome-plated steel strip. Low quality fiber optic cable to only one side done ordinary iron rust treatment, or black (uncoated steel), instead of chrome-plated steel strip, over time, the cable will appear corroded, fiber optic hydrogen loss also aggravate andits easy separation do not constitute the sheath bonded sheath tide also very poor performance; of some places tinned strip instead of chrome-plated steel strip, tin-plated surface of the strip, the bubble is inevitable, so in humid, prone to corrosion under the conditions of the atmosphere and surface condensation or water, especially under acidic conditions, corrosion faster. The tin plating layer is poor in heat resistance, melting at 232 degrees Celsius, only the application of due to squeeze sheaths when the high temperature, such that the peel strength uncertainty affect the cable anti-surge performance. Chromium melting point of 1900 degrees Celsius, chemically very stable at room temperature in air or water will not rust, corrosion resistance, very good resistance to environmental performance, easily oxidized due to surface passivation layer is formed so good. Aluminum generally failed thermal paste method coated aluminum instead of cast qualified coated aluminum, which also affect cable performance.

4. Steel wire. The steel wire in the fiber optic cable mainly used to protect optical fiber from the mechanical tension. Good cable typically use for phosphating steel wire, high modulus short-term tension 1500N and 3000N. And low-quality fiber optic cable will be a very small diameter wire or ordinary steel instead of the one hand, easy to rust; On the other hand, is far less than the tensile strength 1500N construction may strain the fiber. High modulus phosphide stell wire is generally gray color, good toughness, not easy to bend; the alternative wire generally pinch in your hand can be bent a long time, the two rust fracture hanging cable box.

5. Loose tube. The installed fiber loose tube fiber optic cable is generally used polymer PBT material (poly (butylene terephthalate)), this loose tube, high strength, no deformation, anti-aging. Poor quality loose tube fiber optic cable is sometimes replaced with other materials, diameter thin, hand pinch flat, no different from drinking straw, can not afford the protective effect of the fiber.

6. Waterproof tape. Fiber optic cable with waterproof tape or water blocking yarn through the inside of the product showed a uniform distribution of high water-absorbing resin has strong water absorption, under the combined effect of the osmotic pressure, affinity, rubber elastic, super absorbent resin inhalation several times the weight of water. Further, the water-blocking powder once with water swollen gel will instantly, regardless to its much pressure is applied, moisture nor is extruded. Thus, with a water-absorbent resin containing water-blocking tape coated cable core, in case the outer wall of the fiber optic cable is damaged, the wound portion of the high water-absorbent resin to play due to expansion of the sealing effect, can prevent the entry of water to a minimum. Low-quality fiber optic cable commonly used non-woven fabric or paper tape, once the cable jacket is damaged, the consequences will be very serious.

7. Kevlar. Kevlar is a high-strength chemical fiber, most in the field of military-industrial complex, a bullet-proof vest is the producer of this material. It is a patented product of DuPont, is the major cost components of the indoor fiber optic cable, tight buffer fiber indoor cable is mainly used to protect against mechanical tension. Due to Kevlar high cost, poor quality of indoor fiber optic cable outer diameter is generally made ​​very thin, so you can by reducing the few shares aramid cost savings, or use an appearance similar to Kevlar polyester yarn instead (more common) polyester yarn almost can not bear what tension. So that the optical fiber laying easily strain or pull off.

8. Optical fiber. The fiber optic cable core raw materials, the good cable commonly used manufacturers of high quality core. Low-quality fiber optic cable is usually lower fiber and unsolicited fiber, these fibers due to the complex sources, quality is difficult to guarantee, sometimes multimode fiber often mixed with single-mode fiber, and the general lack of small factories necessary testing equipment, not fiberquality of judgment, more so the quality is difficult to be guaranteed. In addition, some bought with cheap short segment later cabled fiber splicing. The naked eye can not distinguish this fiber, the problems often encountered in the construction are: low transmission rate, short distance, fiber attenuation, not and pigtail docking, lack of flexibility, easily broken plate filament when even a single fiber a multi-mode, the other end is single-mode.

9. Coloring ink. Distinguish fiber in order to facilitate the construction of national standards be with bright color and high-quality fiber optic cable are standard in high-quality ink colored fiber loose tube, the color is very clear and easy to fall off, while the low-quality fiber optic cable is used poor qualityink coloring or simply coloring and inferior ink colors are vivid and sometimes easy to dissolve in the fiber paste the color can not be distinguished, not colored even more great inconvenience to the construction.

10. Product packaging. The fiber optic cable commonly used packaging wooden plate or the iron wooden tray into the shaft, the outside of the plate sealed wooden seal plate to ensure that the bulky fiber optic cable throughout the transit force, bending radius conditions within the scope of the standard requirements. Low-quality fiber optic cable in order to save costs, generally very poor packaging tray, transported to the destination is almost close to falling apart, and some simply do not have the disk, look around cable is shipped, or the disc do not have to seal the wood.

In summary, optical fiber cables real good or bad from the structural design, integrated the difference between the pros and cons of the timber material and production process. Because the cable is not yet a large number of popular, low-quality products, while a lot of hidden dangers, many users even integrators do not understand the line is still used regardless of settings.

It is for this reason that the negative impact of low-quality fiber optic cable industry will be even greater, because the fiber optic cable itself, its value is not significant, but the cost of laying process (direct burial, aerial, wearing a tube) were truly amazing.and time-consuming, coupled with its entire communication link based medium, so if there are problems, no matter how expensive your hardware devices at both ends of the high-end, the entire system will be, without exception, completely paralyzed, will be a very long period of repair, resulting in the loss of thousands of times the difference between the pros and cons.

Integrated Cabling Fiber Optic Cable Line Installation

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Because, this period of communication network household cable lines, part of the outdoor, part of indoors, requirements and their way of laying optical fiber cables new requirements. These places the fiber capacity requirements will continue to grow, but still rules to follow, everything will depend on the needs of users. To have potential demand forecast puts the fiber optic cable, obviously will produce waste and the backlog of funds.

The same time, this section of optical fiber cable line communication network home will have to go through the route, may have stereotypes of the park, in this re-construction of large-scale
communication pipeline would be difficult, a large number of aerial installation will not only destroy the beautiful landscape, the line is not safe.

To resolve these needs problem, has to adapt to the new way of laying the products come out.

At present, domestic and foreign new fiber optic cable laying methods are mainly three categories: the first is Air blow installed micro-optic cable or optical fiber bundles, fiber unit blowing into the pre-laying micro tube; second is open on the cement pavement slot, micro cable laying on the road tank; the third is use of non-communication pipe installation cable.

Air blow installation with cable

Air blow laying methods using compressed air high-speed air micro-cable blown into the pipe specified. A blower the laying methods with a variety of superoprity. High-speed airflow, mini-cables in suspension in the pipeline, so the terrain changes and pipe bending the cable; improve fiber packing density can take advantage of the tubes and micro cable, save pipeline resources;

The eary simply laying the appropriate capacity fiber optic cable, after expansion in phases according to the development needs of a fiber optic sub-tubes blown into the main pipe has been built in batches, saving the initial launch, to avoid a large number of fiber idle; fiber optic cable can be increased at any time based on business needs branch, Y-fiber optic connector to reduce fiber optic cable connector.

Blowing installed with fiber optic cable, fiber optic cable is cloth on the sub-pipe systems and micro-pipeline designed. Sealed miniature fiber optic cable and indoor and outdoor non-metallic dual-use micro-optic cable.

Sealed miniature fiber optic cable

It uses fiber loose tube stainless steel tube structure, in addition to the general characteristics of a miniature cable diameter is small, light weight, but also has excellent high temperature properties and lateral pressure resistance. Stainless steel tube using laser welded stainless steel band, fiber and fiber paste it sealed inside, accurate excess length control technology to ensure the use of fiber optic cable in a complex environment.

And stainless steel pipe with excellent moisture resistance and physical rodent control, termite performance and acid resistance, fiber can give the best protection, to minimize the damage to fiber optic cable blowing mounting seal micro-optic cable.

Indoor and outdoor dual-use non-metallic fiber optic cable

Fiber optic cable terminal and maintenance and overhaul mostly be located in the street, the center room of the district, inside buildings or communications equipment. These places there are fire safety, must comply with special needs: self-extinguishing cable products, non-smoking, non-metallic dual-use, indoor and outdoor fiber optic cable, LSOH material mostly used.

Pavement micro-groove fiber optic cable

Pavement micro-groove fiber optic cable and air-blown fiber optic cable has a similar structure, but also a small cable diameter, the weight light fiber optic cable, and low cost, easy laying, laying flexible, simple and efficient. China’s development of a stainless steel loose tube technology-based pavement micro-groove fiber optic cable, fiber count up to 48 cores, outer diameter less than 6.0mm cable weight less than 60kg/km.

Wherein, stainless steel tube, both the protective tube of the optical fiber loose tube, able to provide the appropriate fiber excess length of fiber optic cable gland for completely isolated from the outside moisture from entering the casing, but also a reinforcing member of the fiber optic cable, by selecting the appropriate pipe cross-sectionalto ensure that the tensile properties of the fiber optic cable and flattening performance. Stainless steel tube filled with a thixotropic water blocking compound to ensure that the cable complies the seepage performance requirements, steel pipe is extruded polyethylene sheath.

Road microchannel cable laying only need to open a narrow slot in the road, covered with a layer of sand at the bottom, a buffer layer of foam rods and other material laid on the sand, then the fiber optic cable buried in the tank, and then the cableholes and a layer buffer layer, and finally fill in the cement or bitumen according to road conditions, restore the original road can be.

In the gardens, lawns, slotting in the garden or lawn, then sets of fiber optic cable with PVC pipe shop in the above, and then backfill can restore the surface. Pavement micro-groove fiber optic cable is very simple solution to the problem of the construction and deployment of FTTH across the concrete floor, indoor and outdoor garden lawn terrain.

Drainage Pipeline laying fiber optic cable

At present, China has developed and widely used in a stainless steel loose tube technology, rainwater pipes using the layer stranded wire for reinforcement member mini-cables, fiber core up to 48 cores, outside diameter less than 9.6mm, cable weight of less than 190kg/ km.

Stainless steel pipe in the fiber optic cable is both loose tube fiber protection tube, fiber optic cable gland, in the sewer environment can be completely cut off from the outside water and moisture from entering the casing. Steel casing to faciliate the provision of sufficient and stable fiber excess length, which is particularly important to ensure the fiber life of the self-supporting fiber optic cable attenuation temperature characteristics. Stainless steel tube filled with a thixotropic water blocking compound to ensure that the requirements of the cable complies seepage performance.

This drainage pipeline the laying of fiber optic cable, with the urban underground drainage pipeline to laying fiber optic cable. Installed drain pipe in the wall of the manhole placement of the fixed metal member, rainwater pipes on both ends of the cable surface with stainless steel hanging gold, the gold with a lock in the borehole will then be hanging on the fixing metal member, so that the cable tensioner, sag decreases, the suspension was self-supporting.

Cable laying on the drainage pipeline on the wall, in essence, the ends of the pipes in the manhole self-supporting, hanging, thus requiring Simple structure, light weight, small diameter cable, container density, and has a largetensile strength and flexibility characteristics.

In addition, the cable laying on the drainage channel environment, but also requires moisture resistance and good corrosion resistance, and has some rodent resistance ability.

Source: fiberstore.com

How Great Of Fiber Optic Cables

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Fiber optic cables are used frequently for today’s telecommunication network because of their high bandwidth, high reliability and relatively low cost. For a layman, fiber optical cable or FOCs as they are often called, is a plastic or glass fiber which permits the transmission of communications over large distances and at higher rates. They present wire almost superfluous, because they pass the same, but there are a lot of loss. These cables are unique because they are not affected by electromagnetic interference. Use these cables in performing image used in the fiber.

Each cable can not beyond the permissible limit. Fiber optic cable is very safe and more reliable than the traditional copper wire. Most of these cable to work in high-pressure environments. A fiber optic cable assembly includes a tube, a track and fasteners in addition to the conventional fiber bundles.

The cable tubes have both front and rear surfaces to it. These cables operate with the help of photons. These photos are transmitted to a second quantum dot which is placed between mirrors. These mirrors absorb the photons and bounce them back to the quantum dot until it absorbs it.

The fiber optic cables are used for carrying different services pertaining to data, voice, cable TV, and video. The fiber optic cables keeps the electronic equipments far away from environment that are subjected to high temperature, stem, dust, smoke and so on. The unique feature of these fiber optic cable is that stainless steel lens and fiber cables can be easily replaced without any further calibration.

For the installation of fiber optic cables, fiber optic cable blowers are designed. The unique feature of these fiber optic is that they carry information in the form of light. These cables are very useful in transporting both audio and video signals over short and long distances. If a fiber optic cable is broken, another cable has to be fitted in between the connectors rather than soldering or twisting them. Fiber optic technologies have found its place in many applications. They are widely used in telecommunications, CCTV security places, and local area networks and so on.

Glass fibers are made use of for fiber optic cabling. They hardly provide any change in the signals they carry over long distances. Engineers found that by adding some additional chemicals into the existing silica, they can change the properties of the glass used for the cable (glass fiber cable). Althouth, both glass and plastic can be used in the manufacture of cable, glass is the preferred one used in the manufacture of cable, used for long distance transmission communication. The purpose of glasses in total internal reflection transmission.

A fiber optic cable consists of a core which is made of glass silica. Through this core, the light is guided. The core is covered with a material whose refractive index is slightly lower than that of the core. Two optical fibers are connected via mechanical splicing or fusion splicing. This process involves lots of skills as microscopic precision is required to align them.

Regardless of the application used in optical fiber, they will stay here. Their unique features and capabilities, to ensure that they will continue to spread widely used in communications industry for many years.

What is Armored Fiber Optic Cable

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The so-called armored fiber optic cable, is outside the optical fiber is then wrapped in a layer of protective of “armor”, is mainly used to meet the requirements of customers rodent, moisture proof, etc. Armored cable is a power cable made up by assembling two or more electrical conductors, generally held together with an overall sheath. This electrical cable with high protective covering is used for transmission of electrical power, especially for underground wiring needs. However, these cables may be installed as permanent wiring within buildings, buried in the ground, run overhead, or may even be kept exposed. They are available as single conductor cable as well as multi-conductor cables.

To be more precise, armored cables can be explained as electrical cables with stainless steel or galvanized wire wound over the conductors and insulation. They often have an outer plastics sheath for main distribution supply and buried feeders.

The main role of Armored fiber optic cable

Armored optical fiber in telecommunications fiber optic long-distance lines, twele trunk transmission has important applications. Armored fiber mostly used for general network management usually come into contact with two fiber optic network equipment in the engine room building internal connections. The armored fiber length is relatively short. Often referred to as the armored jumper.

General armoured jump line there is a layer of metal armoured in skin, make protection inside the fiber core, crush tensile resistance function, can prevent rat bite to eat by moth, etc.

The Types of Armored fiber cable

According to the use of premises

Indoor armored cable:

A single armor and indoor fiber optic cable. Single-core indoor armored cable structure: Single mode indoor armored cable, Tight fiber+ kevlar (tensile effect) + stainless steel hose (the compressive strength, resistance to bending, rodent) + stainless steel woven wire (torsional) + outer sheath (usually using PVC, according to the barrier role of fire-retardant PVC, LSZH, Teflon, silicone tube, etc.)

Single armor excluding stainless steel braided wire cable; Double armored fiber optic cable with stainless steel hose and stainless steel woven wire.

Advantages: high tensile strength, high compressive strength, rodent bite; possess resistant to the improper torsional bending damage; construction is simple, saving maintenance costs; adapt to harsh environments and man-made damage.

Disadvantages: weight heavier than common fiber optical cable. The price is higher than common fiber optic cable

Outdoor armored cable:

There are divided into light armored and heavy armored (outdoor fiber optic cable). light armored strip and aluminum, is to strengthen and anti-rodent bite. heavy armored is wrapped in a circle wire, generally used in the riverbed, submarine. The market in general armored cable than the non-armored cable is cheap, usually steel, aluminum, much cheaper than the aramid (Kevlar is mainly used for special occasions).

According to the material divided by metal armor

There are steel armored and aluminum armored. Was usually bolt-type core with a layer of metal armored to protect narural bent, with high pressure, resistance to the advantage of the strong pull, provides excellent cable protection and safety.

Aerial optical fiber cable

If it is an outdoor aerial optical fiber cable, in order to avoid the harsh environment, human or animal damage (such as someone with a shotgun with a birds when the fibers interrupted case often occurs), play a role in the protection core armored cable ships. Recommended steel armor, light armor, cheap and durable better. Light armor, the price is cheap and durable. There are two general outdoor aerial cables: one is the center beam tube; another Standed. In order to durable, overhead layer sheath, and direct burial with two layers of sheating safer.

Source: fiberstore.com

Fiber Optic Cable Detection Methods

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Daily maintenance and testing of fiber

1. Daily maintenance of the fiber is very important, it is to ensure the safety of the fiber, stable and reliable operation of the fundamental guarantee;

2. Six months or a year to deal with the technical data of each optical fiber is given measured again and compared to the original data. Found that the issues discussed as soon as possible and troubleshooting to avoid unexpected accidents;

3. Inspections are carried out regularly on the cable line, cable sheath, cable connectors, line sag and other issues to make detailed records to facilitable early detection and treatment of problem on the tour, this is a very important aspect in the maintenance;

4. Regularly test export of RF receiver entrance optical power level, and found that large difference with the original records, failure should be analyzed from cable or optical receiver, is from live splice site or reasons caused by the optical transmitter itself.

Fiber Optic Cable Testing

Fiber optic cable connectors and test equipment is dedicated cable connector with ordinary tools and testing equipment is completely different. Cable connector with automatic fusing machine and the measured distance, loss Optical Time Domain Reflectometer expensive, but the quality of the joint good loss, the detection distance error, accurate and fast. A handheld optical power, the light level is very lightweight tester. In addition, there are several special instruments. The following describes the run out of time-domain reflectometer tests optical fiber cable.

In the construction of the fiber, the fiber length, the transmission loss is the main outcome measure, run out of time domain reflectometry measurement of these indicators is easy to operate, accurate measurement data, the TFS3031 micro-optical time domain reflectometer is a rugged, easy-to-use micro optical domain reflectometer (OTDR), well adapted to the field site for construction, while also providing accurate measurement of single mode or multi mode fiber optic systems.

Cable at the location of each connection, reflection loss extemely fast and clearly displayed on a 7-inch screen. Tekranger is the only micro-optical time donmain reflectometer, just press the speed, it will tell you in 5 m-100km away connector. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (Mini-OTDR) can automatically adjust the capture parameters to provide the best possible resolution, while maintaining the dynamic range necessary for accurate measurement. Using a variety of different pulse widths, which will obtain extremely precise waveform capture. Readout on the display is very easy to curve, and simultaneously display one event table indicates that all of the relevant junction.

1. Fiber length of the test

The instrument to be tested to determine, fixed line obstacles. Before the test to determine impairment, the instrument cursor should be located at the end of the line curve crack breakpoint Fresnel reflection peak rising edge of the starting point. Test accuracy with optional fiber core refractive index n and the pulse width of the test optical. Due to test the length of the derivation of the formula D=ct/2n (where in C is the vacuum speed of light, C=3x10m/s, t is a light pulse from the transmitter to the end of the via line Fresnel reflection OTDR receiver to the light pulse time) n value, the more accurate the measurement results more real, so the test must be set to plant a given value of n, For example: construction melon seeds floor – Majiawan, fiber optical cable, all four joint construction after run out of time domain reflectometry check the technical specifications of each fiber, a fiber core shorten the distance half to prove that this fiber interrupted, and upon inspection of the raw data, is the second joint 4.2KM cable connector in a fiber break. Position to
judge accurately, open the connector box, and found to be construction, the fiber in the connector box, the joint financial contacts small bending radius, a larger force, so disconnect the re-connector, the indicators are normal.

2. Loss of the optical fiber line testing

The optical cable construction is completed, if run out of time domain reflectometry measured by an optical fiber splice loss is particularly large, determine the distance, be sure to open the connector box, re-connector this situation is generally the construction of the problems left behind.

Running fiber optic cable problems, as measured by the few fiber attenuation curve step, distance measurement, based on the original data to find the point of failure, the result is powder gun shot and wounded due to optical fiber but not completely disconnected.

3. Optical fiber splice loss test

One of the methods of measuring the splice loss, FSM-30S fusion splicing machines of the two optical fibers are connected together, the joint is completed, to display just joint Claim attenuation loss values on the display, the operator may be determined according to the data displayed on the head is qualified, if the loss is too large to disconnect re-fused.

The second metod is the OTDR measuring splice loss, generally using a five-point average method, set the cursor on the fiber contacts, The cursor to the left of the two points, respectively, in the near the test client that the curve of the optical fiber is smooth, so that two points into lines and curves overlap, as far as possible under the cursor on the right side of the two points on the curve of a single fiber is smooth, also let two straight lines and curves overlap as far as possible. So through the cursor on either side of the linear form of “steps” to show the size of the loss of fiber splice.

In order to accurately determine the point of failure, and maintenance and technical personnel should be familiar with the inherent error of the OTDR instrument, grasp the random variation of the refractive index of the instrument and the speed of light take the approximation of the deviation, but also pay attention to the improper operation of the instrument of the deviation, but also pay attention to the improper operation of the instrument error. OTDR measurement line, must be adjusted scale according to the actual situation, select the appropriate pulse width (pw), setting the refractive index of the fiber core values of n, in the two wavelengths (1310 nm, 1550nm) laser options, depending on the line future transmission wavelength of light used to select the appropriate wavelength value. Line optical characteristics test only after the above setting several parameters.

The above three error will affect the accuracy of the measurement line fault. The error of the instrument itself is reflected in the distance resolution, it is determined by the sampling frequency and the sampling pulse width, the smaller the errer is smaller, conversely, the greater the error and vice versa. The method of operation of the refractive index of the randomness and maintenance personal directly affect the distance error is the main reason for the different types of fiber have different refractive indices, the optical fiber measurement should be the first to know the refractive index of the fiber under test, so that the test errors to a minimum.

What Is Inside of a Fiber Optic Cable

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Fiber optic cable is unlike most types of cables; it draw on light instead of electricty to transmit signals. As you have already known, the light is the fasterst way to transfer information, and fiber optic cable has additional advantages are immune to electrical interference. So, you can run it anywhere and at any time. Because light meets litter or no resistance, you can run the fiber optic cable in a long distance, literally countries apart, without increasing or clean signal. Imagination process thousands of miles away. It will be impossible.

Optical fiber velocity also has its own advantages. It has a cleaner signal than conventional copper wire and transmit signals over 10 gb/s. Put it into perspective, fiber optic wiring is digital information as an electrical wiring is analog information. They are completely different.

At present, the fiber optic cable used to connect to the network, basically make the short run, the connection layer, construction and connection electric copper cable, fiber optic cable through the Ethernet converters. Despite the fiber optic cable can be very expensive, but because it is becoming more and more popular, it will be, the price of fiber optic cable (and related equipment including Ethernet converter and fiber optic transceiver) should be reduced.

Knowing what’s inside this very functional invention is good to know. A fiber optic cable including the core, cladding, strength member, buffer and jacket as its components. Let’s get to know them more!

Core cable to the path of the transmitted light can flow, by one or more of the glass or plastic fiber. The cladding which provides a refractor light beam reflected back to the core, to continue its journey is usually made of plastic. The buffer consists of one or more layers of plastic and strengthens the cable and prevents damage to the core. As the same implies, the strength members very hard materials, such as glass fiber, steel or kevlar, and provides additional strength for the cable. Finally, the jacket which can either be plenum or non plenum is the outer convering or shield of the cable.

Fiber optic cable comes in two forms: single mode and multi mode. Because single mode cable is so narrow, light can only travel through it in a single path. This cable is very expensive and is hard to work with. Multi mode cable, on the other hand, there are a wide range of core diameter of the optical flow of the freedom to travel several paths. Unfortunately, the multipath configuration multimode optical fiber allows the possibility of signal distortion at the receiving end.

Sometime in your connection, you will come across connecting either a single mode or multi mode fiber optic cable to conventional copper cable. This can be a problem which can cut the communication you have already established. But you don’t have to worry as there are Ethernet converters and transceiver modules that serve to router, boost, and deliver the signals across these two opposite cables. On top of these, there are other related devices such as gigabit converters and SFP mini GBICs readily available on the market that you might find useful in your network.

Source: fiberstore

The Survival of The Fittest of The Fiber Optic Connector

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Looking at the current market can be described as quite a mixed bag of fiber optic connectors. On the premise of FTTH is popular, many companies has seen a market outlook. Have been started scrambling to grab market share. The market is very confusing, profits plummeted. Many enterprises in a dilemma. While operators central purchasing so many manufacturers were mixed, happy is the amount up, the worry is that the prices down, the market will be more difficult to do. At the cost of many manufacturers to reduce prices to squeeze into the operator’s Central Purchasing.

How to choose a qualified fiber optic connector? Have to identify its selection, structure and production.

A. Selection can be broadly divided into: Plastic V groove, rubber V groove, the metal V groove (copper or aluminum), the V grooves of quartz glass, pore and ceramic.

1. Plastic V groove

Plastic V-groove is the most common manufacturers to adopt a selection, which is mainly because of the ease of processing, low cost. Subject to cost constraints, most manufacturers the production of plastic V-groove many are not using the new PEI fiber optic connector production materials, or even replaced by other inferior materials, in order to have gained a place the operators reserve price bid. Did not pay too much attention from the injection molding equipment, especially some small businesses and private small workshops, ordinary injection molding machine to produce. Short-term performance of the connector is not much of a problem, a long time under the influence of accident by environmental factors will be frequent.

Furthermore plastic V-groove on machining accuracy inadequate by the material, injection molding equipment and the use of environmental impact prone to deformation of the warped; wearing fiber by fiber nearly 90 ° cutting surface, easy blowing debris into the internal contacts, causing the inside of the connector pollution caused by successive failed.

2. Rubber V groove

This material is not worth mentioning, rarely appear on the market. Simply can not afford because of its environmental factors.

3. The metal V groove

The material used on the market mainly copper and aluminum. Both can not escape the fate of being oxidized, and the processing of varying accuracy, easy to produce dander damage fiber. Insufficient strength will deform. Especially aluminum V groove, after repeated open the internal compression deformation space becomes large, the gripping force becomes small, the impact on the fiber optic splice performance.

4. The V grooves of quartz glass

This material V-groove is the use of PLC Splitter technology, industry recognized and recommended for use on site assembly type fiber optic connector internal connecting way. The main advantage of its very high machining accuracy, can be controlled in 1μ between. Fiber breakpoint between successive favorable attenuation in the hot melt comparable. And to wear fiber smooth and difficult to produce debris. No deformation, resistance to environmental performance is extremely strong.

5. The Pores, Ceramic type

With respect to the error between the fiber diameter and the diameter of the pores, but it is a defect. Diameter optical fibers and optical fiber itself thers is error, combined with the pore itself there is error. Accumulated error is at least a 3-micron industry report 1μ, contact the loss of fiber contacts between the dislocation will be more than 0.2 dB. Nor due to contact between the fixed, the earthquake became its fatal flaw.

Field fiber optic connector is not PLC splitter. Optical Splitter by the factory processing, the handing of its internal contacts are in the operating microscope to ensure that its internal pollution. And assembled on site fiber optic patch cords, need to respond to the very harsh environment of the construction site. In this context, bear the brunt of the factory production environment.

You may understand the PM2.5 particles of dust in the air everywhere. Superior production environment is a necessary prerequisite for the production of connectors, on this basis, also need refinement of each production. So as to ensure the production of fiber optic connectors have been qualified. This is why some manufacturers out connector at room temperature, a passing rate of about 90%, and some manufacturers can do more than 99% of the one-time pass rate.

I believe that do the points above, but the factors used in the actual environmental conditions is very important. Do not just look at the room temperature performance, not just blindly concerned about the price. A qualified and superior fiber optic connectors must be able to withstand a long time in the harsh environment performance online, do not be confused by the immediate moment.

It is worth mentioning here have been some manufacturers have begun to study the next generation of fiber optic connected to the cold continued transmission mode, so that the optical and the optical transmission between points. Such technology would ban docking between the fiber break dependence on fiber matching cream. And does not require professional support construction tools, can achieve real store of, so that users can do-it-yourself operation, like changing a light bulb so simple and quick.

How To Identify Fiber Optic Cable

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Accompanied by the continuous advancement of network technology, fiber optic cable products constantly in the construction of telecommunications networks, the construction of the national information highway, FTTH fiber to the desktop and other occasions for large-scale use. But how to really get a good performance, state-of-the-art products, need to understand some basic to identify means and methods. This article from the standard, physical, and product, on site test and application on the product’s performance and configuration, material and structure of the product, international norms and standards of production, etc some identification method is introduced, for reference.

1. View manufacturer qualification and corporate background. Mainly to see whether large manufacturers brand, whether it is commutted to the development and production of fiber optic cable products, whether there are many successful cases, you have the ISO9001 quality system certification, ISO4001 international environment system certification, and meets the ROHS directive, whether the relevant national and international instiutions certification. Such as the Ministry of information industry, Theil, UL certification and certification.

2. View the product packaging. Fiber optic cable supplier standard disk long, typically 1km, 2km, 3km, 4km custom length specifications allow positive and negative deviations, deviation range can refer to the manufacturers factory standards. View the cable outer sheath, and a clear sign of whether the meter number, name and fiber type. In general, factory-optic cable around the sturdy wooden tray, and wooden seal plate protection, fiber optic cable is sealed at both ends, the cable tray following flags: the product name, specifications, plate number, length, net/gross weight, date, A/B-side signs; View cable test records, the normal two copies, one with the cable tray in wood plate side, the open wooden tray cable can be seen, a fixed wooden tray outside.

3. Check the cable jacket. Indoor cable sheath generally use poly green vinyl, or flame retardant polyethylene green vinyl, or LSZH material. Quality looks smooth and bright, feel good. Has good flexibility, easy to peel. The poor quality of the cable jacket finish is not good, peeling, skin prone and the inside of the sleeve, kevlar adhesions, but also pay attention to some products using a sponge instead of Kevlar material. Should be made of high quality black polyethylene PE sheath outdoor fiber optic cable, a cable jacket smooth and bright, uniform thickness, no small bubbles. Feel bad, the poor quality of the cable jacket and the outer skin is not smooth, and some print easily rubbed. Due to material reasons, some cable jacket the dense tidal easy penetration.

4. View strengthened with wire. Many outdoor structure cable, generally contain wire for reinforcement. In accordance with the technical requirements and production requirements, outdoor fiber optic cable in the wire after phosphate treatment, the surface of the gray, cabling does not increase the hydrogen loss, no rust, high strength. However, some fiber optic cable wire and aluminum wire instead of white metal appearance bending performance. Simple method also can be used to identify, such as the cable split open taking a dip in the water one day, out to compare immediately betrays itself. As the saying goes: True gold fears no fire to burn. At that times i have to say phosphorus steel is not afraid of the water to soak.

5. View longitudinal the bandage lines of steel armor steel strip. The formal sided brushing rust paint manufacturers generally use the vertical the dressing pattern steel strip, and ring package connector is good, relatively strong and rigorous. But we also found that some fiber optic cable on the market using ordinary tin as the armor belt, usually only one side of the anti-rust treatment, as well as see the vertical bandage pattern strip thickness apparent inconsistency.

6. View loose tube. Regular manufacturers generally use the PBT material to put in a loose tube fiber core making, this material is characterized by high strength, no deformation, anti-aging. Some products do loose tube PVC material, this material intensity difference can pinch flat, easy to aging. Especially some GYXTW structure of the fiber optic cable, with open cable strip the cable jacket, pulling force, PVC material loose tube deformation, and even some with armored skin shedding, more enen fiber core with pull off.

7. View Fiber Pastes. Outdoor cable Fiber Pastes charge on the loose tube inside, can prevent water directly and contact the fiber core. To know that once the water vapor, moisture from entering it will seriously affect the life of the optical fiber. The relevant national regulations on the specific requirements of the fiber optic cable water blocking. Cables paste in order to reduce costs, some of the cable used is relatively small. So be sure to see the pastes is full of fiber.

8. View the fiber core. Fiber core is really the core of the fiber optic cable, the number of points on interviews are the core in order to protect the transmission. It is also a without the aid of the most difficult to identify the part of the instrument. Neither to identify with your eyes it is a single-mode or multi-mode; unidentifiable is 50/125 or 62.5/125; You can not to identify it is OM1, OM2, OM3 or zero water peak, and not to say that it Gigabit Ethernet application. Suggest that the best quality core of regular large cable manufacturer. Said indeed, some small plants due to their own lack of necessary testing equipment, not the core of the fiber rigorous testing. As a user, you do not even take the risk to buy a. The construction applications often touch often enough bandwidth, transmission distance can not be calibrated value, uneven thickness, weld not easy docking, fiber to the lack of flexibility, easily broken disk fiber to the number and the quality of the fiber core.

More than talk about the basic means and methods of identification of the fiber optic cable products are some of the voice of experience. In short I hope to users of our cable products, a correct understanding the class of fiber optic cable products, check cable products factory data, pay attention to check the product structure and material, the use of appropriate means of identification, rational knowledge of fiber optic cable price and performance quality to do the class of a fiber optic cable rational consumer products.

Source: FiberStore

What is The Optical Fiber Cable

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The fiber optic cable is mainly constituted by the optical fiber (fiberglass) as thin as a hair and plastic protective casing and plastic sheath, and metals such as gold, silver, copper and aluminum in the fiber optic cable, usually no recycling value. The fiber optic cable is a certain number of optical fiber in accordance with certain the cable core outsourcing jacket, and some coated outer sheath for optical signal transmission of a communication line.

fiber optic cable

Communication optical cable with greater transmission capacity than copper cable relay distance, small size, light weight, no electromagnetic interference, since 1976 has developed into a long-distance lines, the city relay, offshore and transoceanic submarine communications , as well as local area networks, private networks, such as cable transmission line backbone, and began to the development of the field of town subscriber loop wiring network, fiber to the home, the wide-generation integrated Services Digital Network transmission line.

The history of fiber optic cable

In 1976, American Bell Institute built the first fiber optic communication experimental system in Atlanta, the use of a cable containing 144 fibers manufactured by the Western Electric Company. In 1980, a commercial made by multimode fiber optic cable using the city interoffice trunks and a few long-distance line. The commercial made of single-mode fiber optic cable in 1983, began to be used in the long-distance line. 1988, the first connection between the United States and Britain and France across the Atlantic submarine cable laying, soon after the completion of the first undersea fiber optic cable across the Pacific. China in 1978, self-developed communications cable, multimode fiber cable core structure of the layer stranded. In Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan and other places has conducted field trials. In the local telephone network as soon after the interoffice trunks trial, after 1984, gradually for long-distance lines, and began using single-mode fiber.

The cable network is the cornerstone of the information highway

The fiber optic cable network transmission of all kinds of information in today’s information society tools. If the “Internet” is referred to as the “information highway” — fiber optic network, fiber optic network is the cornerstone of the information highway is the physical routing of the Internet. Once a cable is damaged and blocking, the direction of the “information superhighway” shall be destroyed. Outside information through fiber optic cable transmission, in addition to the usual telephone, telex, fax, and now a large number of transmission, there is a TV signal, bank transfer, the moment the stock market can not be interrupted. At present, the transmission mode of long-distance communications cable from PDH to SDH development, the transfer rate from the development of the original 140MB/S to 2.5GB/S, 4 x 2.5GB / S, 16 x 2.5GB / S or even higher, that is,said one pair of the core can be opened for 30,000, 120,000, 480,000, and even to the development of more telephone channels. Such a large transmission capacity, fiber optic cable, once blocking not only to the telecommunications sector, causing huge losses, and communication poor, give to the masses to cause a lot of inconvenience, such as computer users can not access the stock market can not be known, the bank exchange rate can not be, remote memory taken to vanish into thin air, and all kinds of information can not be transferred. In remote mountainous areas, once the fiber optic cable is interrupted, it will make the county even fiber optic cable along several counties in the communication on the isolation and become the islands. The loss caused to the party, government and military authorities and the people is immeasurable.

Fiber or simplified for the optical fiber, is a use of the principle of total reflection of the light in the glass or plastic fibers reach ligh conducting tool. Fine optical fiber encapsulated in a plastic sheath, such that it can be bent and thus will not fracture. Typically, the end of the fiber-emitting devices using ligh emitting diodes (light emitting diode, LED) or a laser light pulse is transmitted to the optical fiber, the other end of the optical fiber of the receiving apparatus using the photosensitive member detection pulse. In daily life, since the conduction losses of light in the optical fiber conduction loss in the wire is much lower than the electrical, optical fibers are used for long distance transmission of information. Gradually lowered with the price of the fiber, the fiber is also used for medical and recreational purposes.

Aticle Source: http://www.fs.com/tutorial.html